- jacquelyn buffo
Jacquelyn Buffo
Jacquelyn Buffo is a licensed professional counselor with experience and expertise in substance abuse and mental health issues. She received her master’s of science degree in mental health counseling from Capella University and is a certified advanced alcohol and drug counselor through the state of Michigan. She is also in the process of receiving her certification in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
Jacquelyn has experience working with clients suffering from addiction and mental health issues on an in-home, residential, and outpatient basis. She has provided therapeutic services to pregnant women and mothers who were addicted to drugs and alcohol in a residential treatment program as well as clients in recovery from addiction who had received the Naltrexone implant.
Jacquelyn is currently practicing psychotherapy on an outpatient basis with adults and adolescents, many of whom suffer from addiction. She co-leads a DBT skills group for adolescents and their parents. She is also a mother of 2 and a freelance writer.
Recent contributions of Jacquelyn Buffo
The Dangers of Detoxing from Alcohol at Home
Published on February 10, 2019 Updated on September 21, 2022Detox in a medically supervised setting is often the first step of the addiction treatment process. Simply speaking, detoxification (commonly called detox) is the process by which drugs and alcohol are removed from the body and as a result, your body may go through withdrawals.1 Detox is often an important first step in a continuum of care for alcohol addiction. However, many may seek to undergo detox at home or on their own, without medical supervision or consultation. This can lead to dangerous situations such as complicated withdrawal symptoms and negative health outcomes. During alcohol detox, one may experience a wide range of withdrawal symptoms that can range from mild to severe and potentially life-threatening. It is due to these symptoms that many recommend medical detox. Medically managed detoxification services, known simply as medical detox, involves the use of medical interventions and patient monitoring in order to mitigate the effects of withdrawal symptoms.1 As a result, medical detox is often a safe and effective way to begin one’s treatment plan, giving a sense of security that may not be present when detoxing at home. What Is Alcohol Detox? Alcohol detox is the process by which the body removes substances, oftentimes in preparation of a larger treatment program. Detox alone does not constitute a complete treatment program, nor does it guarantee sobriety, as detox doesn’t address the underlying behavioral, mental, and social challenges that contribute to the development and maintenance of an addiction.2 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a condition that can result from the cessation in alcohol use, and is characterized by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms.5 These withdrawal symptoms usually present within a few hours after you last use alcohol and can include:3, 5 Sweating. Increased heartrate. Insomnia. Nausea or vomiting. Anxiety Agitation. Hallucinations. Seizures. Delirium tremens, in severe cases. Types of Alcohol Detox There are several treatment settings available for alcohol detox. In fact, before the 1980s, inpatient detox was the primary option for detox.3 The main differentiator between the different types of detox is what type of setting they take place in. For example, for those who are at risk of mild withdrawal symptoms, may participate in outpatient detox.4 Outpatient detox allows patients to live at home while checking in at certain points during the treatment process. Those at risk for more severe withdrawal symptoms may be better suited for inpatient medical detox. Inpatient detox may take place in a hospital, a rehab center, or a designated detox facility.4 Inpatient programs are able to provide patients with 24/7 medical supervision, allowing a medical team to respond quickly to the emergence of new withdrawal symptoms.4 Alcohol Detox Medications Oftentimes, medications may be used during alcohol withdrawal to help mitigate any potentially uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.2 Benzodiazepines are the main class of medications used under medical supervision to lessen the severity of withdrawal symptoms and prevent life threatening seizures and delirium tremens. Depending on the situation, the patient may also be prescribed certain other types of medications to help manage withdrawal symptoms, such as naltrxone, acamprosate, and disulfiram. Depending on the situation, one may be prescribed antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, clonidine, or other types of beta-blockers in order to help manage withdrawal symptoms.4 Can I Detox from Alcohol at Home? It is possible to detox from alcohol at home; however, this can be incredibly dangerous due to the lack of medical support and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome can occur when you abruptly stop drinking alcohol or drastically cut down; quitting abruptly can increase your risk of experiencing significant withdrawal symptoms.3 At home, you don’t receive the support and monitoring that you would at an inpatient detox program. Detoxing from alcohol may result in severe symptoms such as delirium tremens and seizures, conditions which can be life-threatening and constitute a medical emergency. As such, inpatient detox is sometimes considered the safest environment for treating alcohol withdrawal due to the support and medical interventions provided.3 Is It Ever Safe to Detox at Home? The discomfort from alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be incredibly difficult to manage on one’s own. Those who undergo detox without medical supervision or consultation may find the process highly unsettling, even with mild or moderate symptoms. They may quickly seek to return to drinking in order to mitigate the symptoms, delaying critical addiction care. Those who develop more severe withdrawal symptoms while detoxing at home may be in a dangerous situation. Delirium tremens, seizures, and a dysregulation of bodily temperatures and functions can all be fatal.4 Medical detox allows a treatment team to respond to these withdrawal symptoms with treatment and can greatly reduce the risk of death. As a result, medical detox can be a much safer option than detoxing at home. What Type of Detox Should I Choose? What type of alcohol detox is best will depend upon where you are at the time of the treatment. While some may be able to do outpatient detox, those at risk for severe withdrawal symptoms may be more comfortable in a supervised medical detox program. Those who have a heavy alcohol intake before detoxing are at a higher risk for developing alcohol withdrawal symptoms.5 [vob-aktify-cta title="American Addiction Centers accepts many types of insurance" subtitle="Check your coverage online or text us your questions for more information"] How to Find Detox for Alcohol Once you’ve decided to attend alcohol detox, you’ll first need to find a treatment facility that suits your needs. A good first step would be to reach out to your doctor or a trusted medical professional. They may be able to help determine your treatment needs, and may be able to refer you to an alcohol detox facility near you. Another good resources is the SAMHSA online treatment locator. This tool can help you find local or out-of-state detox facilities. Addiction helplines are available to provide information to those curious about the alcohol detox process. American Addiction Centers (AAC) operates an addiction helpline that runs 24/7. Our admissions navigators can help answer any questions you have about detox, help you find nearby facilities, and help you determine what costs your insurance may cover. Don’t delay critical care, call us today at [phone]. [accordion title="Rehab at American Addiction Centers"] Laguna Treatment Hospital Adcare - Boston Sunrise House Desert Hope Greenhouse Oxford Treatment Center Recovery First River Oaks [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab insurance coverage"] Ambetter American Family Beacon BHO Blue Cross Blue Shield Cigna Connecticare Geisinger HCSC Harvard Pilgrim Highmark Kaiser Permanente Magellan Magnacare Meritain Health Medicare and Medicaid Optum Oxford Health Providence Qualcare Sierra Health Tricare Triwest Tufts United Healthcare UPMC Zelis [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab near me"] Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab"] Rehab Choosing a rehab center Couples rehab Court ordered rehab COVID-19 and rehab Dual-diagnosis rehab Deciding you need rehab Helping a loved one go to rehab Inpatient rehab Medication assisted rehab Outpatient rehab Preparing for rehab Relapse prevention State-funded rehab Teen rehab Veterans rehab [/accordion][accordion title="Detox"] Dangers of detoxing at home The cost of detox [/accordion] [sources] National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Detoxification and substance abuse treatment [internet]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide (third edition)- Types of treatment programs. Chandra, M., Choudhary, M., & Sachdeva, A. (2015). Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: Benzodiazepines and beyond. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 9(9), VE1-VE07. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2015). Detoxification and substance abuse treatment: A treatment improvement protocol (TIP). Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision. (2022). [/sources] ...
Read moreBlue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Coverage for Rehab and Detox
Published on September 08, 2020 Updated on December 19, 2022Does Blue Cross Blue Shield Cover Rehab? Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) insurance does offer coverage for detox, rehab, and other forms of substance use treatments. Blue Cross Blue Shield addiction treatment coverage varies from state to state, so it is important to verify your coverage before receiving addiction treatment. American Addiction Centers is in-network with Blue Cross Blue Shield, which we can help you verify your exact BCBS coverage details. Types of Treatment Covered by BCBS Insurance Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance covers a variety of substance use and mental health services. The following types of addiction treatments are generally covered: Detox Treatment Inpatient Rehab Outpatient Rehab Medication-assisted Treatment Substance use disorder treatment refers to a broad range of services including detox, inpatient rehab, outpatient rehab, and aftercare. Detox, often the first of many steps on the road to recovery from drugs and alcohol, is composed of a set of medical interventions designed to aid in the safe withdrawal from alcohol and drugs.8 It can be dangerous and often involves medication use under the supervision of medical professionals. Your BCBS coverage may cover detox services that help make a withdrawal from substances as comfortable and safe as possible. [accordion title="Types of Substance Use Disorders Covered by BCBS Insurance"] Alcohol Amphetamines Antidepressants Antipsychotics Benzodiazepines Cocaine Marijuana Narcotics Sedatives [/accordion] How to Check Your BCBS Benefits To determine whether or not your BCBS plan offers coverage for rehab services you can call the number on the back of your insurance card and speak to a BCBS insurance representative. You can also obtain information by going to the login page. Here you will find information about your specific plans, including your BCBS coverage, in-network providers, co-pays, and deductibles. You can also verify what services are covered and which rehab centers that accept Blue Cross Blue Shield. How to Use BCBS to Pay for Rehab Given that detox and rehab are costly, it is important to understand what services are covered under your specific plan. Also, consider whether your substance abuse treatment requires a pre-authorization and if the program is within the approved provider network. These two factors are important in ensuring that you maximize your insurance coverage and pay the least amount of out-of-pocket expenses for treatment. The exact out-of-pocket cost will depend on your plan. Reach out to a BCBS representative to verify your level of coverage. You can also verify your Blue Cross coverage with American Addiction Centers (AAC). Our representative can help you verify your exact BCBS coverage details for detox or rehab. How Much Does BCBS Cover? The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires that all health insurance plans, including the ones offered by Blue Cross Blue Shield, provide some degree of coverage for the medically necessary treatment of behavioral and mental health disorders. This oftentimes includes coverage for the treatment of substance use disorder. However, how much your BCBS plan will cover depends on a variety of factors, such as: Type of BCBS insurance plan. Where you receive treatment. Whether a rehab center is in-network with BCBS. Intensity of treatment. Length of treatment. Accommodations and amenities offered by a rehab facility. It’s important to reach out to a BCBS insurance representative to determine the extent of your coverage before committing to treatment. [vob-aktify-cta title="American Addiction Centers accepts BCBS Insurance" subtitle="Check your coverage online or text us your questions for more information"] Do Rehab Facilities Need to Be In-Network with BCBS? Oftentimes, in order to maximize your BCBS insurance benefits, you’ll need to receive treatment at an in-network rehab facility. In-network facilities work directly with BCBS to provide their members with quality care. You may still attend treatment at an out-of-network rehab facility, however your BCBS benefits may be reduced or even nonexistent. It’s important to talk to any potential rehab facilities to confirm they are in-network with BCBS. Finding Rehabs that Accept Blue Cross Blue Shield Navigating the world of health insurance can feel intimidating, such as finding local drug treatment centers that accept Blue Cross Blue Shield. It is important to gather as much information about your coverage options as possible if you are considering entering drug or alcohol treatment. Many alcohol and drug rehab centers across the U.S. accept Blue Cross Blue Shield. It is your job to make sure that your Blue Cross Blue Shield plan is accepted by the rehab provider. American Addiction Centers provide detox in a safe and controlled environment with support staff and licensed physicians. AAC is in-network with most insurance providers, including Blue Cross Blue Shield. You can call our rehab hotline for information on how American Addiction Centers can help you and your loved ones recover from alcohol or substance use. [accordion title="Find Rehab Near Me"] Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming [/accordion] Types of BCBS Insurance Plans Blue Cross Blue Shield is a private insurance company that offers detox & rehab coverage for members across the United States and Puerto Rico. Blue Cross Blue Shield offers several plans to help ensure you receive the benefits specific to your healthcare needs. It is important to note that plans vary from state to state. Insurance options are available to employers, individuals, and families. With the Basic plan, you must use an in-network provider and you must receive a pre-authorization.4 You will most likely have a co-pay for substance abuse services under the basic plan. Coverage for an individual is roughly $35 a week. The FEP Blue Focus Plan is the least expensive option; you can expect to pay around $26 a week for individual coverage.5 A stipulation with this plan is that services and providers must be in-network. There are no co-pays for inpatient mental health or substance abuse services; however, you are required to pay a percentage of services received. For outpatient substance abuse and mental health services, you can expect to pay a $10 co-pay. For individuals, families, and employees, Blue Cross Blue Shield offers several plans including Bronze, Silver, Gold, and in some states, Platinum. Things to consider when picking a plan include out-of-pocket costs (including co-pays) and whether your provider is in-network or out-of-network. Bronze plans have the lowest monthly costs and the highest out-of-pocket costs; they cover about 60% of the total cost of services.6 The Silver plan has higher monthly costs than Bronze, with roughly 70% of services covered. 6 Where the Platinum plan is available, it has the highest monthly cost with the lowest out-of-pocket costs for services (90%). BCBS HMO vs. PPO Consider whether a preferred provider organization (PPO) or a health maintenance organization (HMO) is right for you; each option has its own advantages. A PPO allows you to receive services from any healthcare professional, whether or not they are in the provider network.7(blue box) You do not need a referral. However, it is important to understand that some services may not be covered by an out-of-network provider. This is also true for alcohol and drug rehabilitation services, so make sure that your services are covered under your plan. With an HMO you pick a primary care physician who coordinates all other medical services for you.7 You can expect to need a referral for specialized services. Blue Cross Blue Shield has created an interactive tool to help you determine whether a PPO or HMO is right for you, based on your specific healthcare needs. BCBS, Medicare, & Medicaid Blue Cross Blue Shield has Medicare supplemental insurance plans for individuals age 65 and older. Medicare is a federally funded health insurance plan for people 65 and older. BCBS offers supplemental Medicare plans to help reduce the cost of healthcare for people who qualify for Medicare.2 The Federal Employee Plan (FEP) provides services to federal employees, retirees, active military, and veterans. Under the FEP you can choose from among 3 different plans: Standard, Basic, and FEP Blue Focus. With the Standard plan, you can use in-network or out-of-network providers, and, depending on your plan, you can expect to pay a co-pay for inpatient mental health or substance abuse services.3 It is the most expensive plan, with weekly payments around $59 for an individual plan. Pre-certification is required for inpatient hospital services. [accordion title="Rehab insurance coverage"] Aetna Ambetter American Family AmeriHealth Anthem Beacon BHO Cigna Connecticare Geisinger HCSC Harvard Pilgrim Health Plan of Nevada Highmark Humana Kaiser Permanente Magellan Magnacare Meritain Health Medicare and Medicaid Optum Oxford Health Providence Qualcare Sierra Health Tricare Triwest Tufts United Healthcare UPMC Without insurance Zelis [/accordion] [accordion title="Rehab at American Addiction Centers"] Laguna Treatment Hospital Adcare - Boston Sunrise House Desert Hope Greenhouse Oxford Treatment Center Recovery First River Oaks [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab resources"] Rehab Choosing a rehab center Couples rehab Court ordered rehab COVID-19 and rehab Dual-diagnosis rehab Deciding you need rehab Helping a loved one go to rehab Preparing for rehab Relapse prevention State-funded rehab Teen rehab Veterans rehab [/accordion][accordion title="Detox resources"] 24/7 detox hotlines Inpatient detox Outpatient detox Medical detox Dangers of detoxing at home The cost of detox [/accordion] [sources] Blue Cross Blue Shield. (n.d.). The Blue Cross Blue Shield system. Blue Cross Blue Shield. (n.d.). Blue Cross Blue Shield Medicare. Blue Cross Blue Shield Federal Employee Program. (n.d.). 2020 standard options benefits chart. Blue Cross Blue Shield Federal Employee Program. (n.d.). 2020 basic options benefit chart. Blue Cross Blue Shield Federal Employee Program. (n.d.). 2020 FEP blue focus benefits chart. Blue Cross Blue Shield Blue Care Network of Michigan. (n.d.). What’s the difference between bronze, gold and silver plans? Blue Cross Blue Shield Blue Care Network of Michigan. (n.d.). HMO vs. PPO: Which one is right for you? U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Detoxification and substance abuse treatment. [/sources] ...
Read moreUsing Aetna Insurance for Drug and Alcohol Treatment Coverage
Published on September 14, 2020 Updated on December 19, 2022Does Aetna Cover Rehab for Drugs and Alcohol? Aetna is a nationwide insurance provider offering plans that coverage for detox, rehab, and other forms of addiction treatment. The Affordable Care Act that was passed in 2010 requires most insurance plans to include alcohol and drug rehab coverage as an essential benefit.7 The details of Aetna rehab coverage vary by plan. However, you can expect Aetna therapy coverage to include approved Aetna alcohol rehab centers or detox programs for opioids. Opioid treatment may also include medication such as Suboxone that can help reduce the cravings for illicit drugs.8 Types of Addiction Treatment Covered by Aetna Insurance The types of treatment covered by your Aetna plan will depend on the type of insurance you have, where you attend treatment, whether the treatment is deemed medically necessary, and how long and intense the treatment is. Your Aetna plan may cover services like: Detoxification Services. Inpatient or Residential Treatment Outpatient Treatment Aftercare or Sober Living. How Much Does Aetna Cover? While the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires all insurance plans to provide some degree of coverage for medically necessary treatment for behavioral and mental health disorders, the extent of your Aetna coverage will depend on a variety of factors. The largest determinant is what type of Aetna plan you have. It’s always a good idea to reach out to an Aetna representative in order to check your coverage before committing to treatment. Other factors that may affect coverage include where you attend treatment, if a rehab is in-network with Aetna, how long treatment lasts for, how intense treatment is, and what accommodations and amenities are provided at the rehab. How to Use Your Aetna Coverage for Rehab To enter a specific addiction treatment program, you may need a referral from your primary doctor. They may give you some medication to help with withdrawal symptoms before you enter the drug rehab program. Once you are in the rehab process, you’ll have a monitored detox to ensure that the drugs leave your system safely. Aetna understands that sometimes multiple attempts at rehab may take place before someone is able to achieve sobriety. As a result, your treatment plan will be a combination of a rehab center's recommendation and what rehab coverage is provided through your Aetna insurance plan. Do Rehab Facilities Need to Be In-Network with Aetna? In most cases, one will receive significantly more coverage if they attend an in-network facility. This is oftentimes true for Aetna insurance, and many benefits may only be available to those who seeking substance use disorder treatment at an in-network facility. Additionally, while Aetna may cover some of the costs for out-of-network treatment, coverage can be significantly reduced. It’s important to confirm that Aetna works with any prospective rehabs before committing to treatment. [vob-aktify-cta title="American Addiction Centers accepts Aetna insurance" subtitle="Check your coverage online or text us your questions for more information"] How to Check Your Aetna Benefits for Rehab To know for sure whether or not your Aetna insurance plan covers substance abuse rehab, it’s important to verify your coverage. You can use access details about your Aetna rehab coverage by logging on to Aetna’s member care website.6 Once you register your account, you can search the Aetna rehab provider network to see what professionals are part of your insurance plan. You can also get coverage information, find out how much the copayment and deductible will be for your specific treatment, and more. Additionally, many treatment providers, like American Addiction Centers, allow you to verify your exact Aetna rehab coverage details. Types of Aetna Plans Covering Rehab Services Aetna provides healthcare coverage for 39 million people in the United States. Aetna offers a variety of health insurance plans, Medicaid and Medicare coverage, and behavioral and medical management programs.1, 2 Aetna’s offerings include Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs), Point of Service Plans (POS), and Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPOs). HMOs and PPOs are the most common. An HMO allows you to save money on premiums and deductibles by staying in Aetna’s insurance network and getting referrals from your primary care provider for specialized care. A PPO is more expensive, but you can see specialists and out-of-network rehab providers without a referral. Copayments and coinsurance for in-network rehab providers are still low, but you’ll pay more if you go outside the Aetna rehab provider network. POS plans offer the advantages of an HMO but also provide access to providers outside the Aetna rehab provider network. However, Aetna policyholders with a POS plan will require a referral from their primary care provider in order to receive care outside the Aetna rehab provider. Finding Rehab Centers That Take Aetna Insurance Once you’ve decided to commit to treatment you’ll need to find a rehab that accepts Aetna insurance. A good place to start would be to reach out to your Aetna representative to verify your coverage. Understanding what your benefits are can help you determine what treatment facilities will work for you. They may also be able to refer you to rehabs in your area. Once you’ve verified your coverage, you may want to visit the SAMHSA treatment locator to find a rehab near you. Additionally, you may consider reaching out to an addiction helpline. Addiction helplines, like the one owned and operated by American Addiction Centers (AAC), are 24/7 resources that can help answer questions you may have about rehab or insurance. If you want to check your Aetna insurance benefits, reach out to us at [phone] today. [accordion title="Rehab at American Addiction Centers"] Laguna Treatment Hospital Adcare - Boston Sunrise House Desert Hope Greenhouse Oxford Treatment Center Recovery First River Oaks [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab near me"] Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming [/accordion][accordion title="Rehab"] Choosing a rehab center Couples rehab Court ordered rehab COVID-19 and rehab Dual-diagnosis rehab Deciding you need rehab Helping a loved one go to rehab Medication assisted rehab Preparing for rehab Relapse prevention State-funded rehab Teen rehab Veterans rehab [/accordion][accordion title="Detox"] Inpatient detox Outpatient detox Medical detox Dangers of detoxing at home The cost of detox [/accordion] [accordion title="Rehab insurance coverage"] Ambetter American Family AmeriHealth Anthem Beacon BHO Blue Cross Blue Shield Cigna Connecticare Geisinger HCSC Harvard Pilgrim Health Plan of Nevada Highmark Humana Kaiser Permanente Magellan Magnacare Meritain Health Medicare and Medicaid Optum Oxford Health Providence Qualcare Sierra Health Tricare Triwest Tufts United Healthcare UPMC Without insurance Zelis [/accordion] [sources] Aetna. (2020). Company history. Aetna. (2020). Aetna facts. Aetna. (2020). HMO, POS, PPO, EPO and HDHP with HSA: What’s the difference? Aetna. (2020). Medicare Advantage Plans. Aetna Better Health. (2020). Medicaid plans. Aetna. (2020). Member website information. Healthcare.gov Mental health & substance abuse coverage. Aetna. (2020). Opioid treatment options. Aetna. (2020). Opioid video key takeaways. [/sources] ...
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